







| Event | Location | Data |
|---|---|---|
| Flyover | Cortina (BL) | Thursday, 12 February, 2026 |
| Flyover | Pozzuoli (Naples) | Wednesday, 1 April, 2026 |
| Flyover | Florence | Saturday, 18 April, 2026 |
| Flyover | Gemona del Friuli (UD) | Mercoledì, 6 Maggio, 2026 |
| Flyover | Bari | Friday, 8 May, 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | Martedì, 12 Maggio, 2026 |
| Performance | Varazze (SV) | Sunday, 17 May, 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | Friday, 29 May, 2026 |
| Flyover | Mugello (Florence) | Sunday, 31 May 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | Tuesday, 2 June, 2026 |
| Performance | Grado (GO) | Sunday, 7 June, 2026 |
| Performance | L'Aquila | Sunday, 14 June, 2026 |
| Performance | Bellaria (RN) | Sunday, 21 June, 2026 |
| Performance | Noto (SR) | Sunday, 28 June, 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | Date to be confirmed |
| Flyover | Lecco | Date to be confirmed |
| Performance | Lignano Sabbiadoro (UD) | Sunday, 12 July, 2026 |
| Performance | Malmen - Svezia | Sabato-Domenica, 22-23 Agosto, 2026 |
| Performance | Bucarest - Romania | Sabato-Domenica, 29-30 Agosto, 2026 |
| Performance | Desenzano del Garda (BS) | Saturday, 5 September, 2026 |
| Flyover | Monza | Sunday, 6 September 2026 |
| Performance | Jesolo (Venice) | Saturday, 12th September, 2026 |
| Flyover | Val Trompia (BS) | Friday, 18 September, 2026 |
| Performance | Salerno | Sunday, 27 September 2026 |
| Performance | Piacenza | Date to be confirmed |
| Flyover | Rome | Wednesday, 4 November 2026 |
| Flyover | Alta Badia | Sunday, 20 December, 2026 |
The Genesis
Before the establishment of the 313th Aerobatic Training Group, for approximately a decade, the Air Force assigned the task of forming an aerobatic team to a fighter unit on a rotational basis.
The first to be entrusted with this responsibility was, in 1952-1953, the 4th Stormo, which created the “Cavallino Rampante” (Prancing Horse) aerobatic team, composed of four DH.100 Vampires, the first jet aircraft in service with the Air Force.
The broad consensus and enthusiasm generated in Italy and abroad, convinced the Armed Force to continue in this sector, passing, however, the baton of the “leading” aerobatic patrol to the 5th Air Brigade, equipped with new F-84G Thunderjets.
In 1953, therefore, a new aerobatic patrol was formed, initially named “Guizzo” and then, two years later, renamed “Getti Tonanti”. The 51st Aerobrigata also flew with the F-84G, and in 1955-1956, with the aerobatic patrol “Tigri Bianche” (White Tigers), was called upon to represent the Air Force.
In 1957, the “Cavallino Rampante” (Prancing Horse) formation of the 4th Air Brigade returned, composed of four F-86E Sabre MK4 aircraft, which, among the aircraft used by our patrols, were the first to be equipped with an adjustable smoke-generating system.
Waiting for the National Aerobatic Patrol
The aircraft supplied is the mighty F-84F Thunderstreak fighter-bomber, while the team's designation, “holder” from the 1958 season, recalls the badge of the 6th Aerobrigata. Initially, the “Red Devils” fly a formation of four aircraft, which soon becomes six with the last F-84F “tail-ender” acting as a “solo” to capture the audience's attention during the formation's absence from the sky.

It is with this patrol that the ’bomb“ manoeuvre, already in the repertoire of our aerobatic teams, is performed downwards for the first time. In a competition reserved for NATO aerobatic teams in Holland, the ”Red Devils“ came in first place, beating the teams from Belgium, Great Britain, Greece, Portugal, the United States and Turkey.
For the 1959 season, the Air Force has as many as three patrols: the “Black Lancers” (reserves in 1958) of the 2nd Air Brigade are listed as “starters,” flying first with four and then with six F-86Es, the “Thunderjets” of the 5th Air Brigade are the “reserves,” now on F-84Fs, and then there are also the “Red Devils.”.
In addition to being the first Italian aerobatic team to perform in the United Kingdom, the “Black Lancers” undertook a historic mission, flying to Iran at the invitation of the Shah of Persia. Memorable in the same year was the tour of the “Red Devils” pilots in the United States.
The F-84Fs made available by the USAF are fitted with a slightly less powerful turbojet, but the Italian pilots don't notice a difference!
The Thunderbirds are another great comeback, and in a special year at that, 1960, the year of the Rome Olympics, with the whole world looking at our country with admiration.
The “Thunder Jets” now fly with the F-84F, sporting a flamboyant Olympic livery with bright colours and the five rings on the tail. The formation consists of six aircraft, with the last one splitting off from the patrol. Key manoeuvres in the “Thunder Jets” programme are the double barrel roll and the “bomb”, which, according to 5th Air Brigade tradition, is carried out upwards with a subsequent crossing at a very low altitude.
Complex manoeuvres, but equally highly spectacular, still in the PAN's repertoire. Another return is that of the F-86E of the “Cavallino Rampante” patrol which, for 1960, act as reserves. In the meantime, however, based on the experience gained and with the aim of rationalising the use of both human resources and aircraft, the Air Force decides to discontinue the practice of assigning the task of forming the principal and reserve aerobatic patrol on a rotating basis amongst the various Air Brigades.
The 313th Group is about to be formed in Rivolto.
The premises for the creation of the PAN
The new department, named the Special Unit, was established at Rivolto, just a few kilometres from the stretch of Campoformido that had seen the birth of our first aerobatic patrols in the late 1920s. The original nucleus around which the Unit developed was the patrol from the 4th Aerobrigade, already designated as the ’holder“ formation for 1961. In fact, the aircraft with which the first six assigned pilots reached Rivolto on March 1st all bore the ”Prancing Horse“ emblem on their tails.
The aircraft used are the CL.13 Sabre Mk.4s, which are the Canadian-built licence versions of the North American F-86E, previously used by the “Cavallino Rampante” and “Lanceri Neri” aerobatic teams.

And so more pilots and aeroplanes arrived, and on May 1st, what was already called the National Aerobatic Team was ready for its first official outing at Trento aerodrome.
On 1 July, the squadron officially becomes the 313th Aerobatic Training Group.
For the 1961 season, the F-86Es flew in formations of six. They were equipped with smoke-generating systems and on their dark blue fuselage bore a large sky-blue rhombus containing a black arrow, a livery that for the 1962 season was superseded by a much more familiar colour scheme, with the unmistakable three green, white, and red arrows standing out on the fuselage and the progressive number displayed in yellow on the tail.
The team has now acquired its identity: the “Frecce Tricolori” were born!
The PAN grows
On 28 December 1963, for the first time since the end of the Second World War, an Italian aerobatic team was equipped with an aircraft of national design and production. This was the G.91PAN, a version of the Fiat G.91 light tactical fighter suitably modified for aerobatic training.
With the new aircraft, the “Frecce Tricolori” are perfecting two distinct flight programmes – one high and one low, the latter adopted in the event of adverse weather conditions – which include famous figures such as the cardioid, the double barrel roll, the Arizona, the bomb, and the Apollo 313.
Despite the aerodynamic configuration not being very different from that of the Sabre, the display programme with the G.91PAN is more aggressive and takes place in smaller spaces, to the benefit of the audience.
Fast but very manoeuvrable, as befits a light tactical fighter, the “ninety-one” makes the Frecce Tricolori's display an extraordinary event, as well as a source of renewed pride for the national aeronautical industry.
Over 18 years with the 313th, hundreds of thousands of people, both in Italy and abroad, have had the good fortune to admire the G.91s of the “Frecce Tricolori” in their usual 9+1 formation, with the tenth aircraft acting as the soloist, a “display” introduced from the 1966 season onwards.
The PAN with the MB.339
In the PAN configuration, the aircraft is nothing more than a training “three-three-nine” equipped with a smoke system which, like the one installed on the G.91 PAN, is powered by two tanks attached under the wings.
The first MB.339 PAN is delivered on 6 January 1982, but the actual “change in flight” takes place on 27 April, when Rivolto airbase is overflown by an unprecedented formation of four G.91s and five MB.339s.
After initial, reduced-strength appearances, already during the 1982 season, the “Frecce Tricolori” returned to performing in their full 9+1 formation.
Compared to the G.91, the MB.339 PAN is an easier and more agile aircraft, allowing for training closer to the public. This characteristic allows audiences on the ground to appreciate both the professional and technical content of each manoeuvre and the spectacularity and harmony of the flying, “tailored” to the performance and characteristics of the MB.339 aircraft.
The PAN in the world
The PAN and Sport
The materialisation of the figure required particular training, as the pilots performed a manoeuvre at an altitude of approximately 1,800 metres at a speed of around 150 knots with the flaps extended to allow for greater aircraft manoeuvrability.
On 10 July of the same year, the Frecce Tricolori aerobatic team saluted the national football team, triumphant in the World Cup in Germany, at Pratica di Mare.
Awarded the 2008 “Leonardo Prize” for lifetime achievement for promoting the national image, on 1 September 2009 the “Frecce Tricolori” performed for the first time in Libya, in Tripoli, while in mid-November they were at the Dubai Airshow.
Record patrol and NAT2024
A major event on 18 and 19 September 2021 for the 60th anniversary of the Frecce Tricolori: two days of displays, four foreign aerobatic teams, numerous historic aircraft, and the main assets of the Italian Air Force on display, on the ground and in the air, to celebrate this important milestone. An event anticipated for over a year, which was postponed due to the COVID emergency, held at the Rivolto air base in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, home of the 2nd Wing and the “home” of the Frecce Tricolori.
The anniversary, like all public events and demonstrations during this period, had to contend with restrictions due to the Covid emergency. In fact, only eight thousand people, including the public, industry professionals, and authorities, were able to attend the event on each of the two days.
On 18 June 2022, the PAN entered the record book “GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS”As a military aerobatic team that performs aerial displays with the most aircraft in the world.
In 2024, the “Frecce Tricolori”, after more than 30 years since the “Columbus” mission, return to Canada and the United States for the North America Tour 2024.

MB.339PAN
The MB.339A is an aircraft that has proven to be very effective for the display activities of the “Frecce Tricolori” (Italian Air Force Aerobatic Team) who use it in the PAN variant, meaning it is equipped with a smoke system. In its classic configuration, it is primarily intended for training and liaison duties, but it can also be used for close air support missions.
Elaborate on the functioning of the smoke machine.
313° Aerobatic Training Group

This is the official designation of the Unit established on 1 March 1961 at the Rivolto military base, heir to a tradition of Italian collective aerobatics stretching back to 1929.
Rivolto military airport has a very long history that dates back to the dawn of aerobatics. It is the place that, in March 1961, welcomed the first pilots of the Frecce Tricolori, and is now inextricably linked to the name of the National Aerobatic Team.
Today it is also home to the 2nd Wing and is certainly one of the best-known and most visited places in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region.
The men who work there are constantly engaged in making it better and more hospitable. One cannot claim to know PAN without having visited this small, but important, corner of the Italian Air Force.
ACROBATIC PROGRAMME
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Performance
| Event | Location | Data |
|---|---|---|
| Flyover | Cortina (BL) | 1770897600 Thursday, 12 February 2026 |
| Flyover | Pozzuoli (Naples) | 1775044800 Wednesday, 1 April, 2026 |
| Flyover | Florence | 1776513600 Saturday, 18 April 2026 |
| Flyover | Bari | 1778241600 Friday, 8 May 2026 |
| Performance | Varazze (SV) | 1779019200 Sunday, 17 May, 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | 1780056000 Friday, 29 May 2026 |
| Flyover | Mugello (Florence) | 1780228800 Sunday, 31 May 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | 1780401600 Tuesday, 2 June 2026 |
| Performance | Grado (GO) | 1780833600 Sunday, 7 June, 2026 |
| Performance | L'Aquila | 1781438400 Sunday, 14 June 2026 |
| Performance | Bellaria (RN) | 1782043200 Sunday, 21 June 2026 |
| Performance | Noto (SR) | 1782648000 Sunday, 28 June 2026 |
| Performance | Lignano Sabbiadoro (UD) | 1783857600 Sunday, 12 July, 2026 |
| Sorvolo - TBD | Rome | 1782907200 Wednesday, 1 July, 2026 |
| Sorvolo - TBD | Lecco | 1782907200 Wednesday, 1 July, 2026 |
| Performance | Desenzano del Garda (BS) | 1788609600 Saturday, 5th September 2026 |
| Flyover | Monza | 1788696000 Sunday, 6 September 2026 |
| Performance | Jesolo (Venice) | 1789214400 Saturday, 12th September, 2026 |
| Flyover | Val Trompia (BS) | 1789732800 Friday, 18 September, 2026 |
| Performance | Salerno | 1790510400 Sunday, 27 September 2026 |
| Flyover | Rome | 1793793600 Wednesday, 4 November, 2026 |
| Flyover | Alta Badia | 1797768000 Sunday, 20 December 2026 |